一、作业评语必须符合学生的实际水平
作业评语是写给学生看的,所以一方面所使用的语言应该与学生的语言水平相当,并能符合学生的个性心理发展需求。另一方面要做到循序渐进,由易到难,能够起到“跳一跳,摘到桃子”的作用,也就是说学生通过上下文的猜测或借助于词典就能理解。例如:It's very clever of you to do so./You've done a good job./You are doing wonderfully!/It's nice of you to write this way./Wonderful!Your English is very good and your answers are correct./I'm sure you can do your work better next time.等等。
二、作业评语要有助于学生对所学知识的理解和记忆
语言的学习在于运用,所以教师在写评语时应运用所学的知识,以使学生能加强理解和记忆。例如:You have improved a lot.I am proud of you./That's great.Please never give up trying.Success comes through hard work and constant effort./No pains,no gains.I hope you will make more progress in the future./What good work!You are the pride of our class./Work harder,and you will make more progress./The harder you work,the sooner you will improve./Come on!I am sure you will catch up soon.利用所学过的短语、句型和时态给学生写评语就能取得很好效果,可以帮助学生巩固和运用语言。
三、评语有利于激发学生的学习热情
学生有被尊重、被表扬、被认可的需要。在完成作业过程中,希望得到教师的表扬和鼓励,这是学生精神上的需求。如果精神上的需求长久得不到满足,他们就会产生消极的学习情绪,进而产生厌学情绪。因此,需求是学生学习行为的动力之一。需求的满足直接影响学生积极性的发挥,要充分发挥学生的积极性,对学生进行有效地鼓励是教育的策略之一。激励就是激发鼓励。一般地讲,激励就是以某种刺激为引诱,调动人的主动性、积极性和创造性。教师的评语就是刺激学生的诱因。学生有不同的性格,有不同的需求,那么激励的方法也不同。教师针对不同的学生及其作业,在不同场合所作的评语可激发学生的学习热情,让优等生更上一层楼,使中等生改正缺点、发扬优点,使暂时落后的学生能克服畏惧心理,树立信心。所以,对优等生的作业表扬中要有指正,教师可通过评语向他们提出更高要求。例如:
Excellent.You haven't made any mistakes,but do try to make your handwriting neater./It's good to be correct.It's also important to be creative.
对中等生的作业要慎重评价,在评语中要多督促.。因为这一类学生往往就缺少那么一点“推动力”,如推一推就上去了,松一松便下来了。如:
You'd better be more careful!Pay more attention to the tenses.
Work harder and then you'll make much progress!
有些学生比较马虎,经常犯拼写错误。对于这类不大不小的问题,一个个批改不仅费力而且没有必要,但也不能视而不见,提出要求是良方。如:
Your work is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes.
(Try to spell you r words correctly.Avoid misspelling!)
适当地给一则相关的谚语也未尝不可。如:
Keep it up.Remember that little by little one goes far.
A stitch in time saves nine.
每一个学生都希望得到教师的特别关注,而学困生更是如此。对于学困生的作业要多点激励,经常得到教师作业评语的学生,能从其中感受到教师真诚而独特的爱,从而会产生一种独特的情感动力,促使成绩进步;另外温和地指出错误的同时,也要指出他的优点及时给予鼓励。如:
Tim,I've found your handwriting is better than before.Thank you!
Bob,you've made so many mistakes but do better next time.
Billy,I think you can do better if you work a little harder.
Jenny,be a careful girl and you'll make greater progress.一份学困生的作业中可能有各种各样的语法错误,但是主要内容也许很好或书法很不错,如被全部地划叉或判为零分,这就如同倒洗澡水把孩子也一起倒掉了一样。而评语则可以起到去粗取精之功用。如:
I find you're good at expressing yourself.Avoid making too many mistakes in grammar./You meant well,but try to make your sentences correct.endprint
中学生在学习英语的过程中,最大的难题就是动词及其用法。他们往往混用时态,在叙述的时候更是如此。如:“It's Sunday morning.Father was taking Sandy to a park nearby their home.Sue stays a t home with mother.She was doing her homework...”这一段文字虽然时态混乱,但是内容不错,简单地否定或肯定都是不对的,轻则使学生茫然不知所措,重则挫伤他们的学习兴趣和积极性。比较好的方法是向他们提出要求。如:
Pay much attention to tenses!(Don't confuse one tense with another!If you take your story as a past event,use the PAST TENSE all the way;if you make your story seem to be taking place now,use the PRESENT TENSE.You can't use tense sat random!)。
四、作业评语可以体现和促进师生感情的交流
我们要充分利用作业评语加深师生情感交流。评语言辞恳切,切中要害;或热情鼓励、或委婉告诫......始终使学生保持清醒的头脑、强烈的兴趣、昂扬的斗志,激励并坚定他们“青出于蓝而胜于蓝”的信念。通过评语,教师尽可把祝福、问候、关切、激励、真诚、信任之情化作甘甜的泉水,去滋润学生的心田,引起师生教与学的共鸣,达到教与学两者的和谐与统一。如:
(1)学期开始,对于差生的作业评语中应多几分激励。
Jenny,you've made some silly mistakes in your homework.A new term begins now.I want you t o work harder than last term just from the beginning.Cheer up!A good beginning makes a good ending.
(2)甚至某个学生在课堂上不注意听讲,而自尊心比较强,不宜在课堂上马上指出的,教师也可以在作业评语中提出劝告和建议。
Kelly,you don't know how to do these exercises.In fact,they aren't so difficult.The reason is that you didn't listen carefully in class!
(3)学生因为考试不及格失去信心,教师就要及时地在试卷上写上一些激励的话,让他们从心灵深处感受到老师的真诚的关爱:
I am sorry to see that you didn't pass the exam.I hope you are not too disappointed.I want to cheer you up with the saying“Failure is the mother of success”.I hope to see much improvement in your future studies.
(4)在节假日或学生生日前,教师可以给予学生一些祝愿语,让他们感到来教师对他们细致的关注和真切地感受到教师对他们的尊重:
Merry Christmas!/Happy New Year!/Enjoy yourself in the coming holidays!/Happy birthday1/Many happy returns!
五、作业评语形式要丰富多彩
作业评语不仅仅是对作业本身进行评价,也可以包括学习和生活的各个方面,它的语言形式更是丰富多彩,千变万化,教师可以利用学生已学的单词、短语、句型、时态、语态、语气或篇章结构等,也可以用即将接触的语言。这不仅可以评价作业,而且能帮助学生巩固和运用语言。endprint

