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运用“简缩从句”法简缩定语从句

时间:2023/11/9 作者: 长江丛刊 热度: 19692
李宗祥

  (甘肃省庄浪一中,平凉 744600)

  运用“简缩从句”法简缩定语从句

  李宗祥

  (甘肃省庄浪一中,平凉 744600)

  在高中阶段,随着学习的深入和知识面的增大,学生已学习了许多复合句式,如:定语从句、状语从句及名词性从句。大部分学生会觉得掌握这些类似的知识越来越难,尤其是在高二接触非谓语动词之后,对英语的正确表达及使用感到吃力。这些问题反映在高中写作练习及短文改错中尤为明显,不但不会正确运用新的语言点,而且会把初中原本掌握的简单句型复杂化,随意乱用各种从句,莫名其妙地堆砌分词、不定式等,“创造”出各种非英语句式。因此,在高中复习阶段,合理地教给学生如何表达复合句式及简单句式,以及弄清楚它们之间关系尤为重要。本文就从定语从句如何简缩为简单句着手,讨论英语句子结构的某些环节,我们称之为定语从句的简缩。

  简缩从句 简缩 定语从句

一、用分词简缩定语从句:

从句的谓语动词如果表示“进行,一般或过去”状态时可简缩为现在分词短语(the participle phrase)。如果从句的谓语动词是被动结构或先行词(the antecedent)是从句动作的承受者时,用过去分词短语(P、P、verb phrase)简缩。如:

  1. Who is that man that is talking with our headmaster?

  ? Who is that man talking with our headmaster? ( is talking 是现在进行时 )

  2. The woman who works in the company is an engineer.

  ? The woman working in the company is an engineer. ( works是一般现在时 )

  3. A man who wore a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.

  ? A man wearing a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.

  (wore是一般过去时)

二、用动词不定式简缩定语从句:

从句里的谓语动词如果表示一个发生过或未发生的行为,或具有情态意义时,则从句往往可简缩为不定式短语(the Infinitive phrase)[主、从句主语不一致时,用不定式复合结构,即:for+从句的主语(宾格)+不定式],如:

  1.He is the first man who flew over the Pacific.

  ? He is the first man to fly over the Pacific

  2.Jane is the only girl who attended the meeting in our class.

  ? Jane is the only girl to attend the meeting in our class.

  ( 注:第1、2句从句中的谓语动作flew,attended是发生过的行为)

三、用形容词短语简缩定语从句:

如果定语从句的谓语为系表结构,且表并语是形容词短语(adjective phrases)时,那么,整个定语从句通常可简缩为形容词短语。如:

  1.Our headmaster is a person who is always full of confidence.

  ? Our headmaster is a person always full of confidence.

  2.Soldiers must be the persons that are not afraid of death.

  ? Soldiers must be the persons not afraid of death.

四、用介词短语简缩定语从句:

如果定语从句的谓语为系表结构, 并且表语是介词短语(preposition phrases)或近似介词短语时,那么定语从句往往可以简缩为介词短语,如:

  1.The boy who is at the gate of the park is an orphan.

  ? The boy at the gate of the park is an orphan.

  2.The building which stands near the hospital used to be a bank.

  ? The building near the hospital used to be a bank.

  3.Please reach me the book that is on the shelf.

  ? Please reach me the book on the shelf.

  4.The man pointed at the boy who was in front of the house.

  ? The man pointed at the boy in front of the house.

  5.I met a strange man who carried an big umbrella.

  ? I met a strange man with an big umbrella.
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